# Controllers

## Manually Create 

Follow these steps to create a new controller in PHPFast:

1. Go to the `application/Controllers` directory**.**
2. Create a new PHP file and name it according to your controller, e.g., `HomeController.php`.
3. Define the controller class by extending `System\Core\BaseController` to inherit core framework functionality.

Here is a basic example:

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;

class HomeController extends BaseController
{
    public function index()
    {
        // Fetch and display a home page
        echo "Welcome to PHPFast";
    }
}
```

## Using the Command-Line Interface

This command generates a new controller file in the `application/Controllers` directory.

* It creates a basic controller template, helping you set up new features faster.

**Command:**

```sh
php init Controllers <controller_name>

// Example: php init controllers Users
```

This creates `UsersController.php` inside `application/Controllers`

## Controller Structure

### Basic Controller

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;

class UsersController extends BaseController
{
    public function index()
    {
        // URL: /users
        // Router: $routes->get('users', 'UsersCotroller::index');
        echo "Welcome to the Users Page!";
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        // URL: /users/123
        // Router: $routes->get('users/(:num)', 'UsersCotroller::show/$1');
        echo "User ID: " . $id;
    }
}
```

### Advanced options

When you define the **UsersController** inside the `Controllers/backend/` folder and use the `UsersModel`

The structure looks like:

```php
/app
 ├── /Controllers
 │    ├── /backend                    // Add a backend folder
 │    │    ├── UsersController.php
 │
 ├── /Models
 │    ├── UsersModel.php
 │
 ├── /Views
 │    ├── users_list.php
```

And **UsersController**:

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers\Backend;  // Define the correct namespace

use App\Controllers\BaseController;

class UsersController extends BaseController
{
    public function index()
    {
        // URL: /users
        // Router: $routes->get('users', 'UsersCotroller::index');
        echo "Welcome to the Users Page!";
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        // URL: /users/123
        // Router: $routes->get('users/(:num)', 'UsersCotroller::show/$1');
        echo "User ID: " . $id;
    }
}
```

## **Routing to a Controller**

To route a URL to a specific controller method, use:

### Basic

```php
$routes->get('users', 'UsersController::index')
```

* URL: **`/users`**
* Calls: **`index()`** method in **`UsersController`**

### **Dynamic Parameters**

```php
$routes->get('users(:num)', 'UsersController::show:$1');
```

* URL: **`/users/123`**
* Calls: **`show(123)`** method in **`UsersController`**

## Models in Controller

Controllers can interact with Models to handle database operations.&#x20;

Below is an example of how to load a model and use it within a controller:

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;
use App\Models\UsersModel;

class UsersController extends BaseController
{
    protected $usersModel;

    public function __construct()
    {
        // Load the model inside the constructor
        $this->usersModel = new UsersModel();
    }

    public function index()
    {
        // Fetch all users from the model
        $users = $this->usersModel->getUsers();
        
        $this->data('users ', $users);
        
        // Pass the users to a view for rendering
        return $this->render('frontend', 'user/index);
    }
}
```

## Render Views & Assets Data to Views

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;
use App\Models\UsersModel;

class UsersController extends BaseController {
    public function index(){
        // Set the page title
        $this->data('title', 'Welcome to PHPFast');
        
        // Render the home page within the 'themes' layout
        echo $this->render('themes', 'home/home');
    }
}
```

## Load CSS and JS File

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;
use System\Libraries\Assets;

class UsersController extends BaseController {
    public function __construct(){
        $this->assets = new Assets();

        // Manual way
        $this->assets->add('css', 'css/style.css', 'head');
        $this->assets->add('js', 'js/main.js', 'footer');

        $this->data('assets_header', $this->assets->header('backend'));
        $this->data('assets_footer', $this->assets->footer('backend'));

        // Using Block
        Render::asset('css', 'css/style.css', ['area' => 'frontend', 'location' => 'head']);
        Render::asset('js', 'js/main.js', ['area' => 'frontend', 'location' => 'footer']);
        
        // Note: Make sure CSS and JS files are contained in Views/Frontend/Assts
    }
    
    public function index(){
        return $this->render('frontend', 'home/index',);
    }
}
```

## Get data from Controller

### Manual way

```php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <?= !empty($assets_header) ? $assets_header : ''; ?>
</head>
<body>
    <?= !empty($assets_footer) ? $assets_footer : ''; ?>
</body>

</html>

```

### Using Block

In `Blocks/Head/Views/default.php`

<pre class="language-php"><code class="lang-php">&#x3C;head>
<strong>    &#x3C;?= \System\Libraries\Render::renderAsset('head', 'frontend') ?>
</strong><strong>&#x3C;/head>
</strong></code></pre>

In `Blocks/Footer/Views/default.php`

<pre class="language-php"><code class="lang-php">&#x3C;head>
<strong>    &#x3C;?= \System\Libraries\Render::renderAsset('footer', 'frontend') ?>
</strong><strong>&#x3C;/head>
</strong></code></pre>

## Message Handle

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Core\BaseController;

class UsersController extends BaseController {
    public function search($input){
        if(empty($input)) {
            return $this->error('An error occurred', [], 404);
        }
    }
}
```

Output:

```
{"status":"error","message":"An error occurred","errors":[]}
```

## Caching in Controller

```php
<?php
namespace App\Controllers;

use System\Drivers\Cache\UriCache;
use System\Core\BaseController;

class UsersController extends BaseController {
    protected $cache;

    public function __construct(){
        // Get level cache
        $cache_gzip = option('cache_gzip') ?? 0; 
        
        // Init cache
        $this->cache = new UriCache($cache_gzip, 'html');
    }
    
    public function index(){
        // Get cache
        $cacheData = $this->cache->get();
        
        // Check empty cache
        if(empty($cacheData)){
            Render::asset('css', 'style.css', ['area' => 'frontend', 'location' => 'head']);
            Render::asset('js', 'jfast.1.1.4.js', ['area' => 'frontend', 'location' => 'footer']);
        
            $result = Render::html('frontend', $this->data);
            
            $cacheData = $this->cache->set($result, true);
        }
        
        $this->cache->render($cachData);
    }
}
```


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